| Today we can not rely on that - scale power is so great that at the same time have limited resource, and environmental hygiene.
Industrial and economic progress is closely linked with the increase in energy consumption per capita. According to the gross national product per capita in various countries of the world, with the amount of energy consumed in these countries per capita. Currently, power is distributed around the globe is extremely uneven: annual energy consumption per capita of 72% of the world's population is less than 2 kW (tenl.) • year, for 22% - from 2 to 7 kW (th) • year and only 6% - about 10 kW (th) • year 114]. In more than 80 countries, the figure is 0.2 kW (th) • year, ie, the maximum and minimum energy consumption per capita in the world vary by 50 times. In addition, the highly variable and growth of this index by country. The reasons for such differences and their impact on the energy of the world in the coming decades in this book are not analyzed. The authors set out to show the main trend of long-term development of nuclear and alternative energy (after 2000), to assess the scope and prospects for their development.
Future energy needs and how they cover cause an increased interest. The impetus for this was the so-called energy crisis of 1973 and 1974., Has stimulated extensive research and long-term forecasts of energy [8, 9) Until recently, the most widely distributed projections were based on direct extrapolation of past trends into the future. But the concept is not very reliable. First, its results are highly dependent on the choice of time period, served as the basis for the identification of historical trends, for example, the annual growth in world energy consumption by an average of 3.3% in 1925-1975 gg., 4.1% in 1933 - 1975., 4.3% in 1960-1975. Extrapolated values of energy consumption is much different when you select different periods and to extrapolate these values to 2020, they are 1,2 Q, 1,8 Q. 2,0 Q, respectively. Second, in the end IIMS non-renewable resources, and limited the use of renewable resources of energy consumption growth with a growing annual growth rate can not continue indefinitely. Finally, as international experience shows that in countries with a high level of development (social, economic, cone) appear in the factors leading to a reduction of energy consumption and the asymptotic output na some almost constant level. |